Using Context Clues

Types	Clues	Examples
Punctuation	Commas ,,, Parenthesis () Dashes-- Brackets[]	The determination of physical characteristics like hair color is the result of polygenic (multiple gene) influence. Aspiration -- the act of breathing -- was explained in the CPR course.
Definition	is, was, are, means, involves, is called, that is, i.e., which means, resembles	Statistics involves using math to make predictions. Mitosis, i.e., the equal division of chromosome material, is a necessary step in cell division.

Bridging Context Clues

Types	Clues	Examples
Contrast	however, on the contrary, while, but, instead of, on the other hand, although, nevertheless, yet	Students often cram at the last minute; however, spaced study proves more effective. ET was an extraterrestrial creature; on the other hand, the children with whom he lived were all from our planet.
Comparison	similarly, both, as well as, likewise	Many atolls can be found in the Pacific Ocean; similarly, other coral islands are found in the Caribbean Sea. Both spaghetti and tortellini are common pasta dishes.
Example	such as, such, like, for example, e.g., other	Unguents, such as first aid cream, Cortaid, Vick-Salve, and Deep heat, are found in most homes. Psychosomatic disorders, e.g., ulcers and tension headaches, are physical illnesses that result from psychological stress.

Experiential Clues

These kinds of clues are more difficult to use than other clues. There are no specific visual clues to assist you, therefore, you must examine the entire situation and/or sentence and draw your conclusions based on what you already know. For example, in many crimes, there may be no physical evidence. Like an investigator, you rely on your experience and knowledge to determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase.